It is said that the brain is so complex that it cannot understand itself. Scientists at Harvard and technologists at Google Research have collaborated to map out the massive volume of 1 cubic mm of human cortex! More:
Now, a team from Harvard and Google Research have made a major breakthrough, publishing the largest ever dataset of neural connections in a human brain. Or at least, a tiny piece of one – this sample measured just 1 mm3, or about the size of a single poppy seed. But contained in that space is an incredible 57,000 neurons, 230 mm of blood vessels, and 150 million synapses.
Mapping just this tiny chunk of brain generated an astonishing 1.4 Petabytes (PB), or 1.4 million GB, of data. Let’s put that in perspective with some back-of-the-envelope math – a standard, double-layered Blu-Ray disc can hold 50 GB. That means mapping just this tiny chunk of brain generated data equivalent to 28,000 Blu-Ray discs. How can we visualize that pile? Well, each Blu-Ray case is 13 mm (0.5 in) thick, so if you stack them all up that’s 364 m (1,194 ft) tall – or, higher than the Statue of Liberty standing atop the Eiffel Tower. All that just to map a poppy seed.
If we really want to wrap this back on itself, the human brain – the most dense data storage medium we know – is estimated to have a data storage capacity of 2.5 PB. That means a brain would run out of room after being loaded with data describing just one and a half cubic millimeters of itself. Mapping out the full human brain would require an estimated 1 exabyte (EB) of data, which is the scale of CERN’s data centers for the Large Hadron Collider. __ A Bit of Brain
Of course mapping every structural detail of the brain is not what we mean when we talk about “understanding” the brain. And it is not clear how useful it would be to memorize every synapse, every blood vessel, every glial cell, and every neuronal projection for each cubic mm of brain tissue. Just the turnover of blood cells, hormones, nutrients, and other substances to and from all the compartments intravascular, intercellular and extracellular in that cubic mm, would overwhelm every supercomputer. And the crushing reality of neuroplasticity and constant neuronal landscape redesign, makes a laughing stock of our best efforts to “understand.”
That is why we simplify and abstract. That is why we clump and use mnemonics, metaphors, heuristics, and sweeping assumptions. Because the very fact of understanding something occurs on several different levels depending upon the level of detail and precision. And it is not necessarily the deepest and most precise level of understanding that is the most meaningful.
The brain is simplest when seen from afar. It is when we get up close and personal that we begin lose confidence. And it is the dynamic nature of gene expression in the brain that wipes the smug grins completely off our faces.
Our brains were evolved to ignore most of the world around us, which most of the time proves to be quite superfluous in any case. But do such evolved skills gain us any respect from the artificial intelligence systems that are waiting at the gate for a chance to deceive us — and displace us? No. Indeed, they will use anything they can learn about us to help slip the knife between our ribs.
It took millions of years of evolution for our brains to become the way they are. The complex programs of gene expression in the brain have been sufficient to allow populations of humans to devise space rockets, supercomputers, nuclear reactors and particle accelerators.
But these things can change a lot more quickly than most “learned men” believe. Due to the multiple levels of genetic and epigenetic control affecting gene expression in all tissues of the body including the brain, it might be possible one day to wake up and discover that we and our like are no longer sitting on top of the cognitive heap. I am not talking about artificial intelligence, but rather a new type of human whose brain just works better. And then we may need to learn to say “yes sir” and “yes ma’am” again.
Sure, a smarter human would make much better use of advanced computing tools, including artificial intelligence. But it is also likely that he would not mistake AI for anything remotely intelligent. Given how easily contemporary humans fall for AI tricks, the newer smarter humans would almost certainly use AI tools to keep old style homo sapiens in their places.
Where we are weakest — the size, speed, and precision of our working memories and our lazy tendencies to fall into hypnotic trances — our newer replacement selves are certain to fashion superior auxiliary parts and prostheses. Using bio-tools currently unknown to us.
Will they go by new names and use clever metaphors and euphemisms to walk invisible among us, we never suspecting any such transition had taken place? Do not be too surprised.
More: In a different context and at a different time, we need to discuss the prevalent attribute of pre-senile delirium in modern highly networked populations. This common form of delirium is associated with confusion and delusion in a complex interactive manner. Being so prevalent among educated and networked individuals, it cannot be seen as a pathology but rather as an attribute that is commonly displayed, with negative consequences for the individual. As social media and other forms of media become more perfectly adapted to AI tools, popular delusions can be more precisely controlled from the top down, without the conscious awareness of populations.
Maintaining the brains of most of the population in a state of chronic delirium (engineered confusion/delusion) simply facilitates this top down manipulation. Strictly speaking, no pharmaceuticals are required, although modern populations tend to percolate in mind-altering chemicals.